Anthropologist João Pacheco de Oliveira discusses the Brazilian government’s policy for indigenous and black communities known as “pacification.” Drawing from his award-winning book, O Nascimento do Brasil e outros ensaios (Contra Capa, 2016), he offers an alternative interpretation of Brazilian history from the viewpoint of its native peoples. Using ethnographic comparisons between indigenous groups and black communities living in Brazilian suburbs and favelas, he highlights the persistence of colonial practices in the prevailing forms of prejudice, racism and intolerance in contemporary Brazil. This event aims to support the revitalization initiative #OMuseuNacionalVive.